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Sanjar ibn Abdullah Alam al-Din Abu Sa'id al-Jawli (also spelled Sangar al-Gawli, Sanjar al-Jawali or Sinjar al-Jawili, 1255–14 January 1345) was a powerful Mamluk ''emir'' and the Governor of Gaza and much of Palestine between 1311–20 during the sultanate of al-Nasir Muhammad and then again for a brief time in 1342 during the reign of the latter's son Imad ad-Din Ismail. Prior to his first term as governor, al-Jawli briefly served as the Emir of Shawbak in Transjordan and before his second term as Gaza's governor, he was appointed Governor of Hama for three months. During his rule he engaged in several construction projects throughout Palestine, particularly in Gaza. The latter was transformed from a small and politically insignificant town to a major and prosperous city under his leadership. Following his appointment as Superintendent of the Maristan in Cairo in 1342, al-Jawli successfully quashed a rebellion by Ismail's brother al-Nasir Ahmad in Karak. Afterward, he focused on studying Islamic law, publishing an interpretation of Muslim scholar Imam al-Shafi'i's work prior to his death in 1345. ==Early life and military career== Al-Jawli was born in 1255 and is thought by 15th-century Egyptian historian Ibn Taghribirdi to be of Kurdish origin. His name "al-Jawli" indicates he was a ''mamluk'' (slave soldier) of Jawli, an ''emir'' of Baibars, a former Bahri Mamluk sultan. Ibn Taghribirdi asserts al-Jawli was a first generation Muslim and his father was "al-Mushid Abdullah."〔Sharon, p.86.〕 Following Jawli's death, al-Jawli switched allegiances to the house of Qalawun, and during the reign of al-Ashraf Khalil (1290–93) moved to Karak in southern Transjordan along with the other Bahri Mamluks. When al-Adil Kitbugha acquired the sultanate in 1294, al-Jawli was nominated to head the ''khushkhanah'', an elite Mamluk force loyal to the sultan, and left Karak for Cairo. During this time, he became acquainted with Sayf al-Din Salar, whom he would go on to refer to as his "brother." He served as Salar's ''ustadar al-saghir'' ("lesser majordomo.") Under the tutelage of Salar and Baibars II, al-Jawli was appointed the Emir of Shawbak, a fortress post south of Karak. Salar and Baibars were enemies of the new sultan al-Nasir Muhammad (who took power in 1299 and reigned previously in 1293-94) and were influential in the latter's abdication in 1309, ending his second reign. Despite his friendship with Salar and Baibars II, al-Jawli remained loyal to the Bahri Mamluks and joined al-Nasir Muhammad in exile in Karak.〔 In Karak, he cultivated a close friendship with the deposed sultan.〔 Ten months after being exiled al-Nasir Muhammad wrested back the sultanate from Baibars II in 1310. Al-Jawli, who had been functioning as the Na'ib ("Governor") of Karak, developed the town extensively. He ordered the construction of a palace, a Turkish bath, a school, a ''khan'' (caravansary), a mosque and a hospital, transforming Karak into a city.〔Lapidus, 1984, p.73.〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Sanjar al-Jawli」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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